The Best Natural Wonders to Visit in July

Planning a trip for July? These 230 wonders are at or near their best this month — the season when conditions, wildlife, light, or access line up. It’s distilled from each place’s real best-time notes, and because the atlas rebuilds daily, this stays current. Open any place for the honest detail on timing and access.

Angel Falls

Canaima National Park, Venezuela

The tallest waterfall on Earth — a ribbon of water that plunges 979 metres from the rim of a flat-topped tepui, so high it dissolves into mist long before it reaches the ground.

Waterfall Latin America

Banff & Moraine Lake

Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada

The turquoise glacial lakes of the Canadian Rockies — Moraine Lake beneath the Valley of the Ten Peaks and nearby Lake Louise — where glacier-ground rock flour turns the water an electric blue-green beneath snow-capped mountains.

Lake North America

Bay of Fundy

New Brunswick & Nova Scotia, Canada

Home to the highest tides on Earth — up to 16 metres of water rising and falling twice a day, laying bare a seabed you can walk across beneath towering flowerpot rocks.

Beach & coast North America

Benagil Sea Cave

Benagil, Algarve, southern Portugal

A domed sea cave on the Algarve coast whose vaulted limestone roof is pierced by a great circular skylight — an 'oculus' that pours a column of sunlight onto a hidden beach reachable only from the water.

Cave Europe

Bora Bora

Society Islands, French Polynesia

The archetypal South Pacific paradise — a jagged volcanic peak ringed by a luminous turquoise lagoon and a protective coral reef, encircled by palm-fringed islets of white sand.

Island Oceania

Bryce Canyon

Utah, United States

Not really a canyon at all, but a series of vast natural amphitheatres filled with thousands of glowing orange rock spires called hoodoos — the largest concentration of these strange pinnacles on Earth.

Rock formation North America

Bungle Bungle Range

Purnululu, Kimberley, Western Australia

Hundreds of orange-and-black striped sandstone domes rising from the Kimberley outback — a beehive landscape unknown to the wider world until the 1980s.

Rock formation Oceania

Bwindi Impenetrable Forest

Southwestern Uganda

An ancient, mist-shrouded montane rainforest that shelters nearly half the world's remaining mountain gorillas — one of the planet's most moving wildlife encounters.

Forest Africa

Cocos Island

Pacific Ocean, 550 km off Costa Rica

A rainforest island alone in the Pacific, ringed by waters where hammerhead sharks school in their hundreds — often called the finest big-animal dive site on Earth.

Marine sanctuary Latin America

Congo Basin Rainforest

Central Africa

The world's second-largest rainforest — an immense green heart of Africa that absorbs more carbon than it emits, home to bonobos, forest elephants, and okapi.

Forest Africa

Cotopaxi

Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador

A near-perfect glacier-capped cone rising almost 5,900 metres from the Andean highlands — one of the world's highest active volcanoes, and among the most symmetrical anywhere.

Volcano Latin America

Crater Lake

Oregon, USA

The deepest lake in the United States — a caldera of astonishing, luminous blue, formed when a great volcano collapsed and filled with nothing but rain and snow.

Lake North America

Denali

Alaska, USA

The highest peak in North America — a 6,190-metre wall of rock and ice towering over the Alaskan wilderness, so tall its base-to-summit rise is among the greatest of any mountain on Earth.

Mountain North America

Eisriesenwelt

Werfen, Salzburg, Austria

The world's largest ice cave, above Werfen in Salzburg. Open daily 1 May–31 Oct 2026 for 70-minute guided tours: 700 steps up through the ice by lamplight, below 0 °C even in summer. A cable car and two 20-minute walks lead to the 1,641 m entrance. No photos inside.

Cave Europe

Etosha Pan

Northern Namibia

A vast white salt pan the size of a small country, so large it is visible from space — ringed by waterholes where elephants, rhinos, and lions gather in the dry season.

Savanna & plains Africa

Faroe Islands

North Atlantic (between Iceland and Norway)

A cluster of green, wind-scoured islands rising in sheer sea cliffs from the wild North Atlantic — grass-roofed villages, cascading waterfalls, and a lake that seems to hang above the ocean.

Island Europe

Geirangerfjord

Sunnmøre, Western Norway

One of the world's most celebrated fjords — a deep, narrow arm of the sea winding between sheer 1,000-metre cliffs laced with waterfalls like the Seven Sisters, with abandoned farms clinging to impossible ledges.

Fjord Europe

Giant Forest Sequoias

California, USA

Groves of giant sequoias — the largest living things on Earth by volume — including General Sherman, a single tree containing more wood than almost any other organism alive.

Forest North America

Giant's Causeway

County Antrim, Northern Ireland

Around 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, mostly perfect hexagons, stepping down into the North Atlantic — one of the most remarkable geometric formations in nature.

Rock formation Europe

Grand Teton

Wyoming, USA

A wall of jagged granite peaks erupting straight from a flat valley floor with no foothills — the most abruptly dramatic mountain front in North America, mirrored in glacial lakes.

Mountain North America

Great Barrier Reef

Queensland coast, Australia

The largest living structure on Earth — a 2,300-kilometre system of nearly 3,000 individual reefs and hundreds of islands off Queensland, so vast it can be seen from space, and among the most biodiverse places in the ocean.

Coral reef Oceania

Gunung Mulu

Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia

A Bornean rainforest hiding some of the world's greatest caves — including the largest cave chamber on Earth — plus razor-sharp limestone pinnacles rising from the jungle canopy.

Cave Southeast Asia

Iguazú Falls

Paraná, Brazil / Misiones, Argentina border

A thundering wall of water on the Brazil–Argentina border — hundreds of individual falls spread across nearly three kilometres of jungle, culminating in the vast horseshoe chasm of the Devil's Throat.

Waterfall Latin America

Ilulissat Icefjord

Ilulissat, western Greenland

A fjord choked with colossal icebergs calved from one of the fastest, most productive glaciers on Earth — a roaring, ever-changing cathedral of ice on Greenland's Arctic coast.

Glacier North America

Isle of Skye

Inner Hebrides, Scotland

A wild Hebridean island of jagged black peaks, mist-wrapped pinnacles, and sea cliffs — the most dramatic scenery in Scotland, stitched with waterfalls, lochs, and ancient rock.

Island Europe

Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon

Vatnajökull National Park, Southeast Iceland

A glacial lagoon where huge icebergs calved from the Vatnajökull ice cap drift in still, deep water before floating out to sea — and wash up as glittering shards on the black-sand 'Diamond Beach'.

Glacier Europe

Kamchatka Volcanoes

Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Far East

A remote peninsula bristling with snow-capped volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs — one of the most volcanically active places on Earth, roamed by some of the world's largest brown bears.

Volcano East Asia

Karakoram & Baltoro Glacier

Gilgit-Baltistan, northern Pakistan

The greatest concentration of high peaks on Earth — a 62-kilometre river of ice leading to K2 and a ring of granite towers, in the most extreme mountain terrain anywhere.

Glacier South Asia

Kawah Ijen

East Java, Indonesia

A volcano famous for two rare sights: electric-blue flames that flicker across its crater in the dark as sulphurous gas ignites, and the world's largest highly acidic crater lake — a vast turquoise pool with the acidity of battery acid.

Volcano Southeast Asia

Kīlauea

Island of Hawaiʻi, United States

One of the most active volcanoes on Earth — a shield volcano on Hawaiʻi whose lava has repeatedly reshaped the island, sometimes glowing in a lava lake and, at times, spilling in rivers of fire to the sea.

Volcano North America

Krka National Park

Šibenik-Knin County, Dalmatia, Croatia

A Dalmatian river that builds its own waterfalls — the Krka lays down travertine barriers of living rock as it flows, culminating in Skradinski Buk, a broad staircase of cascades tumbling over seventeen natural steps.

Waterfall Europe

Kruger National Park

Mpumalanga & Limpopo, South Africa

One of Africa's greatest and most accessible game reserves — a vast bushveld wilderness the size of a small country, home to the Big Five and an extraordinary abundance of wildlife.

Savanna & plains Africa

Lake Baikal

Siberia, Russia

The deepest and oldest lake on Earth — a vast Siberian sea holding a fifth of the world's unfrozen fresh water, its waters so clear you can see 40 metres down, and freezing each winter into sheets of turquoise ice.

Lake East Asia

Lake Natron

Arusha Region, northern Tanzania

A caustic soda lake that burns blood-red with salt-loving microbes — lethal to most life, yet the single most important breeding ground on Earth for lesser flamingos.

Lake Africa

Landmannalaugar

Southern Highlands, Iceland

Rhyolite mountains streaked in red, pink, green, and gold above black lava fields and steaming hot springs — the most colourful landscape in Iceland's remote interior highlands.

Mountain Europe

Lençóis Maranhenses

Maranhão, Brazil

A vast field of white dunes that fills each rainy season with thousands of crystal-clear turquoise lagoons — a desert that becomes, improbably, dotted with lakes.

Desert & dunes Latin America

Manú National Park

Madre de Dios & Cusco, southeastern Peru

One of the most biodiverse places on Earth — a park descending from Andean cloud forest to lowland Amazon, with more bird species than any other protected area in the world.

Forest Latin America

Masai Mara

Narok County, southwestern Kenya

Rolling grassland where the Great Migration crosses the Mara River — over a million wildebeest running the gauntlet of crocodiles and Africa's densest big-cat population.

Savanna & plains Africa

Mont Blanc

French Alps (France–Italy border)

The highest peak in the Alps and western Europe — a great dome of snow and ice above Chamonix, ringed by glaciers, granite spires, and the birthplace of mountaineering.

Mountain Europe

Mount Ararat

Iğdır Province, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Turkey's highest peak — a snow-capped dormant volcano of two joined cones rising in near-perfect isolation above the plains of the Armenian highlands, its ice cap visible a hundred kilometres away.

Volcano Middle East

Mount Bromo

East Java, Indonesia

A smoking volcanic cone rising from a vast 'Sea of Sand' inside an ancient caldera — one of Earth's most dramatic sunrise views, ringed by the peaks of the Tengger massif in East Java.

Volcano Southeast Asia

Mount Fuji

Honshū, Japan

Japan's highest peak — an almost perfectly symmetrical, snow-capped stratovolcano rising to 3,776 metres, standing alone above the plains and visible on a clear day from central Tokyo, a hundred kilometres away.

Volcano East Asia

Mount Yasur

Tanna Island, Vanuatu

One of the world's most accessible active volcanoes — a crater that has erupted almost continuously for centuries, flinging glowing lava bombs into the night sky just metres from its rim.

Volcano Oceania

Ningaloo Reef

Coral Coast, Western Australia

One of the world's largest fringing reefs — a coral wonderland that hugs the shore of Western Australia, where you can wade off the beach to snorkel with turtles, manta rays, and the giant whale shark.

Coral reef Oceania

Nyiragongo

Virunga, eastern DR Congo

A volcano cradling one of the world's largest and most active lava lakes — a churning pool of molten rock that glows red against the night sky over the Virunga mountains.

Volcano Africa

Ölüdeniz

Fethiye, Muğla Province, southwest Turkey

A sheltered turquoise lagoon sealed off from the open Aegean by a slender sand spit, backed by the pine-clad wall of Babadağ — one of the world's premier paragliding launches — and the cliff-ringed cove of Butterfly Valley nearby.

Beach & coast Middle East

Pangong Tso

Ladakh, India

A vast high-altitude lake on the Tibetan Plateau whose waters shift through unearthly blues and greens beneath the bare, colossal mountains of Ladakh at over 4,300 metres.

Lake South Asia

Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng

Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam

An ancient limestone landscape riddled with the world's greatest cave systems — including Sơn Đoòng, the largest cave passage on Earth, big enough to hold its own jungle, river, and clouds.

Cave Southeast Asia

Salar de Uyuni

Altiplano, southwestern Bolivia

The largest salt flat on Earth — a blinding-white expanse of over 10,000 square kilometres high on the Bolivian Altiplano that becomes, after rain, the world's biggest natural mirror, reflecting the sky so perfectly that the horizon disappears.

Desert & dunes Latin America

Serengeti

Northern Tanzania

The archetypal African plain — endless golden grassland that hosts the greatest land-mammal migration on Earth, as over a million wildebeest and hundreds of thousands of zebra move in a vast annual circle.

Savanna & plains Africa

Skeleton Coast

Northwestern Namibia

Where the world's oldest desert meets the cold Atlantic — a fog-shrouded shore of shipwrecks, immense dunes, and seal colonies, kept alive by mist rolling off the frigid Benguela Current.

Beach & coast Africa

Sossusvlei & Deadvlei

Namib-Naukluft National Park, Namibia

The soaring red dunes of the ancient Namib — among the tallest on Earth — surrounding the surreal white clay pan of Deadvlei, where 900-year-old blackened trees stand skeletal against orange sand and blue sky.

Desert & dunes Africa

Svalbard

Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Ocean

A High Arctic archipelago of glaciers, jagged peaks, and frozen fjords roughly midway between Norway and the North Pole — the realm of the polar bear, under months of midnight sun and polar night.

Polar & ice Europe

The Amazon Rainforest

Amazon Basin, Brazil (and neighbouring countries)

The largest tropical rainforest on Earth — a continent-spanning sea of green threaded by the mighty Amazon River, holding a staggering share of the planet's species and helping regulate the world's climate.

Forest Latin America

The Dolomites

South Tyrol / Trentino / Veneto, Northern Italy

A range of pale limestone towers, sheer walls, and jagged spires in the Italian Alps that glow rose and gold at dawn and dusk — the famous 'enrosadira' — above green alpine meadows and turquoise lakes.

Mountain Europe

The Matterhorn

Zermatt, Valais — Swiss/Italian border

The most iconic peak in the Alps — a near-perfect rock pyramid rising in isolation above Zermatt, its four steep faces aligned almost to the compass points, mirrored in still alpine lakes.

Mountain Europe

The Pantanal

Mato Grosso & Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

The world's largest tropical wetland — a vast seasonal floodplain that is the best place on Earth to see jaguars in the wild, teeming with caimans, capybaras, and millions of birds.

Wetland Latin America

Tsingy de Bemaraha

Melaky, western Madagascar

A vast 'forest of stone' — a labyrinth of razor-sharp limestone pinnacles rising in grey blades from the Madagascar wilderness, hiding canyons, caves, and creatures found nowhere else.

Karst landscape Africa

Uluru

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Northern Territory, Australia

A colossal sandstone monolith rising abruptly from the flat red heart of Australia — glowing through fiery reds and oranges at sunrise and sunset, and a place of the deepest cultural significance to its Aboriginal custodians.

Rock formation Oceania

Valley of Flowers

Uttarakhand, India

A high Himalayan valley that erupts each monsoon into a carpet of alpine wildflowers — hundreds of species blooming beneath snow peaks and glaciers in one of the world's great floral spectacles.

Mountain South Asia

Volcanoes National Park

Northwestern Rwanda (Virunga Mountains)

A chain of forest-cloaked volcanoes on Rwanda's northern border, home to wild mountain gorillas and the setting for Dian Fossey's famous research — one of Africa's most moving wildlife encounters.

Volcano Africa

Yellowstone

Wyoming / Montana / Idaho, United States

The world's first national park, sitting atop a giant volcanic hotspot — home to half the planet's geysers, rainbow-rimmed hot springs like Grand Prismatic, and vast wildlife-rich valleys of bison, wolves, and bears.

Geyser North America

Zhangye Danxia

Gansu Province, China

Hills painted in stripes of red, orange, gold, and green — a landscape of 'rainbow mountains' where millions of years of layered sediment have been folded and eroded into vivid bands of colour.

Rock formation East Asia

Acadia National Park

Mount Desert Island, the Schoodic Peninsula and Isle au Haut on the coast of Maine, USA, beside Bar Harbor

Granite mountains rising straight from the Gulf of Maine: nearly 50,000 acres of glacier-scoured summits, cobble beaches and spruce-fringed headlands, topped by 1,530-ft Cadillac Mountain, the highest point on the US eastern seaboard.

Beach & coast North America

Akagera National Park

Eastern Province, Rwanda

Rwanda's savanna park on the Tanzanian border — a landscape of papyrus swamp, lakes and rolling grassland that lost almost everything, then had lions and rhinos brought back and became the country's only Big Five park.

Savanna & plains Africa

Ala Archa National Park

Kyrgyz Ala-Too range, about 35 km south of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

A glacier-filled alpine valley in the Tian Shan just 35 km from Bishkek, rising from 1,500 m to the 4,895 m summit of Semenov-Tian-Shansky Peak.

Mountain Central Asia

Aletsch Glacier

Valais, Switzerland

The largest glacier in the Alps — a 20-kilometre river of ice up to 900 metres thick, curving between 4,000-metre peaks in a vast frozen highway.

Glacier Europe

Aliwagwag Falls

Cateel, Davao Oriental, Mindanao

A towering 'stairway' waterfall in eastern Mindanao where the Cateel River tumbles down a long series of cascades — often described as a natural staircase of dozens of tiers dropping through rainforest.

Waterfall Southeast Asia

Amboseli National Park

Kajiado County, southern Kenya, on the Tanzanian border

The land of giants beneath Kilimanjaro — a dry-lake savanna in southern Kenya where great herds of free-ranging elephants cross golden plains with Africa's highest mountain, Mount Kilimanjaro, rising snow-capped just beyond the border.

Savanna & plains Africa

Antelope Canyon

Navajo Nation, near Page, Arizona, United States

A slot canyon of flowing, sculpted sandstone walls glowing orange, purple, and gold — carved by flash floods into curving corridors where, at midday, shafts of sunlight spear down like beams of light.

Canyon North America

Avenue of the Baobabs

Menabe, western Madagascar

A dirt road lined with towering, ancient baobab trees — vast smooth trunks rising like columns, some close to a thousand years old, glowing at sunset in one of Africa's most iconic scenes.

Forest Africa

Bieszczady Mountains

Subcarpathia, south-east Poland

Poland's wild south-eastern corner — rolling forested ridges of the Eastern Carpathians crowned by open, treeless mountain meadows called połoniny, where wolves, lynx, bison and brown bears still roam.

Mountain Europe

Blue Cave of Biševo

Biševo island, off Vis, Dalmatia, Croatia

A sea cave on the tiny island of Biševo that fills with an unearthly blue light around midday, when sunlight enters through a submerged opening and glows up through the water onto the cavern's walls.

Cave Europe

Blyde River Canyon

Mpumalanga, South Africa

One of the world's largest canyons and the greatest of its green, forested kind — a subtropical gorge of red-rock buttresses, plunging cliffs and swirling rock pools along Mpumalanga's Panorama Route.

Canyon Africa

Brandberg Mountain

Damaraland, Erongo Region, Northwest Namibia

Namibia's highest mountain: Königstein reaches 2,573 m on a granite massif rising more than 1,800 m above the desert, with over 43,000 rock paintings. The White Lady shelter is a guided 6 km round-trip walk. Best from May to September.

Mountain Africa

Caño Cristales

Serranía de la Macarena, Meta, Colombia

The 'river of five colours' — a crystalline Colombian stream that erupts each season into brilliant reds, pinks, yellows, greens, and blues as a rare aquatic plant blooms across its bed of ancient rock.

River Latin America

Chapada Diamantina

Bahia, northeastern Brazil

A highland wilderness of table mountains, deep canyons, and waterfalls in the Brazilian interior — with caves holding pools so clear the light turns them electric blue.

Canyon Latin America

Chicamocha Canyon

Santander, Colombia

One of the world's great canyons — a vast, arid gorge carved by the Chicamocha River through the eastern Andes of Santander, plunging up to two kilometres deep and crossed by a spectacular cable car.

Canyon Latin America

Chimborazo

Chimborazo Province, Ecuador, near Riobamba

Ecuador's highest mountain — an ice-capped volcano whose summit, thanks to the equatorial bulge, is the farthest point on Earth's surface from the planet's centre.

Volcano Latin America

Chobe National Park

Northern Botswana, beside Kasane and the Chobe River

Botswana's great elephant park — floodplains, marsh and woodland along the Chobe River, where some of the largest elephant herds on Earth gather in the dry season.

Savanna & plains Africa

Churchill

Churchill, Manitoba, western Hudson Bay, Canada

The stretch of sub-Arctic coast where roughly 900 polar bears gather each autumn, waiting on the tundra for Hudson Bay to freeze — and where thousands of beluga whales fill the river estuary through the short northern summer.

Polar & ice North America

Cliffs of Moher

County Clare, western Ireland

A wall of sheer sea cliffs rising up to 214 metres straight from the wild Atlantic on Ireland's west coast — layered in ancient rock, alive with seabirds, and often wreathed in Atlantic mist and spray.

Rock formation Europe

Cocora Valley

Quindío, Coffee Region, Colombia

A green Andean valley where the tallest palm trees on Earth — Colombia's slender wax palms — soar up to 60 metres above misty cloud-forest hills, an almost dreamlike landscape in the heart of coffee country.

Forest Latin America

Colca Canyon

Arequipa Region, southern Peru

One of the deepest canyons on Earth — more than twice the depth of the Grand Canyon — carved by the Colca River through the Peruvian Andes, and among the surest places in the world to watch giant Andean condors soar.

Canyon Latin America

Columbia Icefield

Alberta & British Columbia, Canada

The largest icefield in the Rocky Mountains — a vast frozen plateau feeding glaciers that flow toward three different oceans, reached along one of the world's great mountain highways.

Glacier North America

Creux du Van

Jura Mountains, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

A vast natural rock amphitheatre in the Swiss Jura — a horseshoe of sheer 150-metre limestone cliffs curving nearly a kilometre and a half around a green forested hollow.

Rock formation Europe

Dachstein

Salzkammergut, Upper Austria / Styria / Salzburg, Austria

A great limestone massif crowning the Salzkammergut, where the Northern Alps' easternmost glaciers cling below the 2,995-metre Hoher Dachstein, and giant ice caves honeycomb the pale rock above the lakes of the Salzkammergut.

Mountain Europe

Daintree Rainforest

Far North Queensland, Australia, north of Port Douglas

Australia's largest continuous block of tropical rainforest, often called the oldest on Earth, running down to the Coral Sea where the forest meets the Great Barrier Reef.

Forest Oceania

Dettifoss

Jökulsárgljúfur, Vatnajökull National Park, Northeast Iceland

Often called the most powerful waterfall in Europe — a grey glacial river hurling itself 44 metres into a black canyon, 100 metres wide and so loud the ground shakes and spray drifts for hundreds of metres.

Waterfall Europe

Dune du Pilat

Arcachon Bay, Gironde, southwestern France

The tallest sand dune in Europe — a vast wave of pale sand over 100 metres high, poised between a great pine forest and the Atlantic on France's southwest coast.

Desert & dunes Europe

Durmitor & the Tara Canyon

Durmitor National Park, northern Montenegro

A glaciated limestone massif in northern Montenegro with more than forty peaks above 2,000 metres, cut on its eastern flank by the Tara — at up to 1,300 metres, the deepest river canyon in Europe.

Canyon Europe

El Tatio Geysers

Andes near San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta Region, northern Chile

The world's highest major geyser field — more than eighty geysers steaming at 4,300 metres in the high Andes above the Atacama, where columns of hot vapour rise against the dawn cold and the surrounding volcanic peaks.

Geyser Latin America

Epupa Falls

Kunene Region (Kaokoland), Namibia–Angola border

A wide scatter of waterfalls where the Kunene River breaks over rock on the remote Angolan border — braided channels tumbling among baobabs and palms in one of the least-visited corners of Namibia, and Himba homeland.

Waterfall Africa

Esteros del Iberá

Corrientes Province, northeastern Argentina

One of the largest freshwater wetlands on Earth — a vast mosaic of marsh, lagoon and floating island in northeast Argentina, and the stage for South America's most ambitious rewilding, which has returned the jaguar to the region after 70 years.

Wetland Latin America

Étretat Cliffs

Étretat, Seine-Maritime, Normandy, France

White chalk cliffs on the Normandy coast carved into three natural arches and a lone needle of rock — the seascape Monet painted again and again.

Rock formation Europe

Făgăraș Mountains & the Transfăgărășan

Southern Carpathians, central Romania

Romania's highest mountains — a wall of glacier-carved peaks and cirque lakes in the Carpathians — crossed by the Transfăgărășan, one of the world's most spectacular alpine roads.

Mountain Europe

Fish River Canyon

ǁKaras, southern Namibia

Africa's largest canyon — a 160-kilometre gash up to 550 metres deep and 27 kilometres wide, where a river winds in vast loops through some of the oldest rock on the continent.

Canyon Africa

Fjaðrárgljúfur

Near Kirkjubæjarklaustur, South Iceland

A serpentine canyon on Iceland's south coast, roughly two kilometres long and up to about 100 metres deep, its dark palagonite walls draped in green moss with the Fjaðrá river winding along the bottom — one of the country's most photographed gorges.

Canyon Europe

Geysir & Strokkur

Haukadalur geothermal field, Southwest Iceland

The geothermal valley that gave the world the word 'geyser' — where the reliable Strokkur spout blasts boiling water 15–20 metres skyward every few minutes amid steaming vents and mineral pools.

Geyser Europe

Glacier National Park

Montana, USA

The 'Crown of the Continent' — a wilderness of knife-edged peaks, hanging valleys, turquoise glacial lakes, and alpine meadows in the northern Rockies, crossed by one of the world's great mountain roads.

Mountain North America

Golden Mountains of Altai

Altai Republic, southern Siberia

Where Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and China meet — glaciated peaks above turquoise rivers and steppe, holding the most complete sequence of vegetation zones in the region.

Mountain Central Asia

Gotland & the Raukar

Baltic Sea, southeastern Sweden

Sweden's largest island, rimmed by raukar — weathered limestone sea stacks that stand along the shore like a gallery of stone figures carved by the Baltic.

Rock formation Europe

Gros Morne

Newfoundland, Canada

A dramatic Newfoundland wilderness of landlocked fjords and bare orange mountains — where a slice of the Earth's mantle lies exposed at the surface, helping prove the theory of plate tectonics.

Mountain North America

Guilin & the Li River Karst

Guangxi, southern China

The landscape of Chinese scroll paintings brought to life — thousands of rounded limestone peaks rising from green plains and the winding Li River, mirrored in still water beneath drifting mist.

Karst landscape East Asia

Gullfoss

Hvítá river, Southwest Iceland

Iceland's most famous waterfall — the glacial Hvítá river plunges in two dramatic stepped tiers into a rugged canyon, throwing up spray that catches the sun in near-constant rainbows.

Waterfall Europe

Haleakalā

East Maui, Maui, Hawaiʻi, United States

The 10,023-ft shield volcano that makes up East Maui, its summit cut by a vast erosional 'crater' of red and black cinder cones. Haleakalā National Park climbs from the cinder desert at the top down to waterfalls and the Pools of ʻOheʻo on the coast.

Volcano North America

Hell's Gate

Naivasha, Great Rift Valley, Kenya

A dramatic Rift Valley gorge of red cliffs, rock towers, and steaming geothermal vents — one of the few African parks you can explore on foot or by bike among the wildlife.

Rock formation Africa

Hinatuan Enchanted River

Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines

A short, astonishingly deep spring-fed river of sapphire and jade water that surfaces from an underground karst system and flows straight to the sea — its clarity and colour the product of limestone, depth and the way water scatters light.

River Southeast Asia

Hwange National Park

Matabeleland North, north-western Zimbabwe, off the Bulawayo–Victoria Falls highway

Zimbabwe's largest national park: about 14,650 km² of grassland, teak and mopane woodland in the north-west, home to the country's biggest elephant population, painted dogs, roan and sable, and around 100 mammal species.

Savanna & plains Africa

Isalo National Park

Ihorombe Region, southwestern Madagascar, near Ranohira

A sandstone massif carved into canyons up to 200 m deep, plateaus and natural swimming pools in southwestern Madagascar — home to ring-tailed lemurs and plants found nowhere else.

Canyon Africa

Issyk-Kul

Issyk-Kul Region, Tian Shan, Kyrgyzstan

A vast, slightly saline mountain lake ringed by the snow peaks of the Tian Shan — the world's second-largest alpine lake, 182 kilometres long, and warm enough that it never freezes despite sitting at 1,607 metres.

Lake Central Asia

Jasmund Chalk Cliffs

Jasmund National Park, Rügen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Germany's largest chalk cliffs, dropping white into the Baltic on the island of Rügen — topped by the last great beech forest on this coast, and eroding fast enough that the shoreline is measurably different within a lifetime.

Beach & coast Europe

Jatiluwih Rice Terraces

Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia

Bali's largest surviving expanse of traditional rice terraces, spread over some 600 hectares beneath Mount Batukaru and irrigated by subak — a thousand-year-old system in which farmers themselves allocate every litre of water down the slope.

Living terraces Southeast Asia

Jeti-Ögüz Rocks

Jeti-Ögüz District, Issyk-Kul Region, near Karakol, Kyrgyzstan

Sheer cliffs of red conglomerate rising from spruce-covered hills near Lake Issyk-Kul — Kyrgyzstan's 'Seven Bulls'.

Rock formation Central Asia

Jostedalsbreen

Vestland, Western Norway

The largest glacier on mainland Europe — a high plateau ice cap that sends blue-tongued arms like Nigardsbreen and Briksdalsbreen spilling down into green valleys and turquoise meltwater lakes.

Glacier Europe

Jungfrau

Bernese Alps, Switzerland

One of the great peaks of the Bernese Alps at 4,158 metres — reached, uniquely, by a cog railway tunnelled through the mountain to the Jungfraujoch, the 'Top of Europe', overlooking the head of the Aletsch Glacier.

Mountain Europe

Kakadu

Northern Territory, Australia

Australia's largest national park — a vast monsoonal landscape of floodplains, waterfalls, and stone country, alive with crocodiles and millions of birds, and holding some of the world's oldest rock art.

Wetland Oceania

Karijini National Park

Hamersley Range, Pilbara, Western Australia, about 1,400 km north of Perth

Western Australia's second-largest national park: more than 627,000 hectares of the Pilbara's Hamersley Range, where creeks plunge into 100-metre gorges cut through banded iron rock and hide waterfalls, ferny pools and narrow chasms.

Canyon Oceania

Kebnekaise

Kiruna Municipality, Norrbotten, Swedish Lapland

Sweden's highest mountain, whose summit changed places because the old one is made of ice — the glacier-capped south peak has melted below the bare rock of the north peak, and researchers measure the difference every summer.

Mountain Europe

Kelimutu

Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

A volcano on the island of Flores crowned by three crater lakes that change colour independently and unpredictably — turquoise, green, black, brown, or red — each tied in local belief to the resting place of departed souls.

Lake Southeast Asia

Kenai Fjords National Park

Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, United States

A coast of glacier-carved fjords on the Gulf of Alaska, where tidewater glaciers spilling from the vast Harding Icefield calve straight into the sea among humpback whales, orcas, sea otters, and cliffs of nesting seabirds.

Fjord North America

Kinabatangan River

Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Sabah's great wildlife river — the second longest in Malaysia, whose forested floodplain is among the best places on Earth to see wild orangutans, proboscis monkeys and pygmy elephants from a boat.

River Southeast Asia

Kirkjufell

Grundarfjörður, Snæfellsnes Peninsula, West Iceland

A steep, symmetrical 463-metre peak rising alone from the sea on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula — often called the most photographed mountain in Iceland, most famously with the small tiered waterfall Kirkjufellsfoss in the foreground.

Mountain Europe

Komodo National Park

Lesser Sunda Islands, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

A cluster of rugged islands that shelter the Komodo dragon — the largest lizard on Earth — above water, and some of the world's richest coral reefs below, including a beach tinted pink by red coral.

Marine sanctuary Southeast Asia

Königssee

Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany

A deep, emerald, fjord-like lake hemmed by sheer alpine cliffs in Berchtesgaden National Park — so clean that only silent electric boats are allowed to cross it.

Lake Europe

Kornati Islands

Šibenik-Knin / Zadar County, Adriatic Sea, Croatia

A stark, sun-bleached archipelago of some 89 islands, islets, and reefs — the densest island cluster in the Adriatic — whose seaward cliffs, the dramatic 'crowns', drop straight into deep blue water.

Island Europe

Kravica Falls

Trebižat River, near Ljubuški, Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina

A 25-metre curtain of water spread across an amphitheatre of moss and living rock in the karst of Herzegovina — a waterfall that is still building itself out of the river it carries.

Waterfall Europe

Krimml Waterfalls

High Tauern National Park, Salzburg, Austria

Austria's highest waterfall and the tallest in Europe — the Krimmler Ache river thrown 380 metres down the mountainside in three great tiers, roaring through pine forest in the High Tauern National Park.

Waterfall Europe

Lake Bled

Upper Carniola, Slovenia

A serene glacial lake with a tiny church-topped island at its heart, cupped beneath a clifftop castle and the peaks of the Julian Alps — one of the most picture-perfect scenes in Europe.

Lake Europe

Lake Kivu

Rwanda–DR Congo border (Western Rwanda)

A deep, calm African Great Lake cradled in the rift between Rwanda and the Congo — ringed by terraced green hills and holding one of the world's most unusual reserves of dissolved gas.

Lake Africa

Lake Louise

Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada

A glacier-fed lake of improbable turquoise beneath the Victoria Glacier, high in Banff National Park — the postcard of the Canadian Rockies.

Lake North America

Lake Lucerne

Central Switzerland (cantons of Lucerne, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schwyz, Uri)

A many-armed alpine lake at the heart of Switzerland — 114 square kilometres of deep blue-green water winding between the peaks of Rigi, Pilatus, and the Uri Alps, ringed by lakeside towns and the meadow where the Swiss Confederation was born.

Lake Europe

Lake Malawi

Malawi, Mozambique & Tanzania

A vast Rift Valley lake holding more fish species than any other lake on Earth — hundreds of brilliantly coloured cichlids found nowhere else, in water clear as glass.

Lake Africa

Lake Mývatn

Northeast Iceland, near Akureyri

A shallow, volcanic lake ringed by craters, lava fields and steaming ground — one of Europe's richest waterfowl habitats, alive with ducks in summer and framed by pseudocraters, twisted lava pillars and geothermal steam.

Lake Europe

Lake Nakuru

Great Rift Valley, central Kenya

A shallow soda lake in Kenya's Rift Valley, famous for shimmering pink shorelines of flamingos and as a stronghold sanctuary for both black and white rhinos.

Lake Africa

Lake Ohrid

Southwestern North Macedonia, on the border with Albania

One of the oldest lakes in the world — deep, clear water on the North Macedonia–Albania border, home to more than 200 species found nowhere else.

Lake Europe

Lake Titicaca

Peru–Bolivia border, Andes

The highest large navigable lake on Earth — a vast, luminous inland sea at 3,812 metres in the Andes, ringed by snow peaks and dotted with floating reed islands.

Lake Latin America

Laurisilva of Madeira

Madeira, Portugal (North Atlantic)

The world's largest surviving laurel forest — a mist-fed, moss-draped relic of the woodland that once cloaked southern Europe, blanketing the mountainous heart of Madeira and threaded by the island's famous levada water channels.

Forest Europe

Lauterbrunnen Valley

Bernese Oberland, Switzerland

A glacier-carved Alpine valley walled by sheer cliffs down which seventy-two waterfalls pour — including the free-falling Staubbach and the thundering Trümmelbach inside the mountain.

Waterfall Europe

Lofoten Islands

Nordland, Arctic Norway

A chain of dramatic Arctic islands where jagged granite peaks rise straight from the sea above white beaches and red fishing villages — improbably mild for its latitude, and lit by the midnight sun and the northern lights.

Island Europe

Logar Valley

Solčava, Upper Savinja Valley, northern Slovenia, beneath the Kamnik-Savinja Alps

A glacier-carved alpine valley 7 km long in Slovenia's Kamnik-Savinja Alps, ringed by limestone peaks over 2,000 m and closed by the 90-m Rinka waterfall — a landscape park since 1987, with 43 recorded natural features.

Mountain Europe

Martvili Canyon

Samegrelo, western Georgia

A narrow limestone canyon in western Georgia where a turquoise river winds between sheer mossy walls, past small waterfalls — once the private bathing place of Georgian nobles.

Canyon Europe

Matobo Hills

Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe, about 30 km south of Bulawayo

A dense maze of granite domes, kopjes and balancing boulders south of Bulawayo, carved by erosion from Zimbabwe's granite plateau — a World Heritage landscape whose rock shelters hold one of the richest concentrations of rock art in southern Africa.

Rock formation Africa

Mavrovo National Park

Northwestern North Macedonia, between Gostivar, Debar and Kičevo, on the borders with Albania and Kosovo

North Macedonia's largest national park: a high country of beech and fir forest, the 25-km Radika gorge, a mountain reservoir lake with a half-drowned church, and Korab, the highest peak in the country at 2,764 m.

Mountain Europe

Melissani Cave

Karavomylos, Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece

An underground lake on the Ionian island of Kefalonia, roofed by a collapsed cavern that lets a shaft of midday sun ignite the brackish water in an unearthly electric blue.

Cave Europe

Moray

Maras district, Sacred Valley, Cusco Region, Peru

A set of vast concentric terraces sunk into the Andean plateau above the Sacred Valley — engineered bowls in which the temperature drops measurably from the top ring to the floor, giving Inca farmers a whole ladder of climates in one field.

Living terraces Latin America

Morskie Oko

Tatra National Park, Lesser Poland, Poland

The largest and most beloved lake of the Polish Tatras — a clear alpine tarn cradled beneath the sheer Mięguszowieckie peaks, its name, the 'Eye of the Sea', matched by water clear enough to see many metres down.

Lake Europe

Mount Damavand

Alborz range, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran

The highest peak in Iran and in the whole Middle East — a near-symmetrical stratovolcano above the Alborz range, with sulphur fumaroles still venting at the summit crater and hot springs on its flanks.

Volcano Middle East

Mount Elbrus

Kabardino-Balkaria, Caucasus, Russia

The highest peak in Europe — a twin-coned dormant volcano wrapped in 22 glaciers, rising 5,642 metres above the Caucasus range.

Volcano Europe

Mount Kazbek & Gergeti

Kazbegi, Greater Caucasus, Georgia

A glacier-clad 5,000-metre volcano in the Greater Caucasus, above which a lone medieval church stands on a green ridge — one of the most iconic mountain scenes in the Caucasus.

Mountain Europe

Mount Kilimanjaro

Northern Tanzania

The highest mountain in Africa and the tallest free-standing mountain on Earth — a snow-capped volcanic giant rising alone from the savanna to 5,895 metres, climbable without technical gear yet crowned with vanishing equatorial glaciers.

Mountain Africa

Mount Kinabalu

Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

The highest peak in Southeast Asia's island world — a granite giant on Borneo, ringed by one of the richest concentrations of plant life on Earth, from giant Rafflesia flowers to carnivorous pitcher plants.

Mountain Southeast Asia

Mount Olympus

Between Thessaly and Macedonia, near Litochoro, Greece

The highest mountain in Greece — a limestone massif of more than fifty peaks that climbs almost 2,900 metres within twenty kilometres of the Aegean shore, cut by deep gorges and protected as the country's first national park.

Mountain Europe

Mount Rainier

Cascade Range, western Washington, USA, about 65 miles southeast of the Seattle–Tacoma area

A glacier-capped volcano rising to 14,410 ft (4,392 m) above the Washington Cascades, wrapped in 28 named glaciers, old-growth forest and subalpine wildflower meadows. Protected as a national park since 1899.

Volcano North America

Mount St. Helens

Cascade Range, south-west Washington, USA, about 70 miles north of Portland, Oregon

The Cascade volcano that blew open on 18 May 1980, when the largest debris avalanche in recorded history tore off its summit and a lateral blast flattened forests up to 19 miles away. Its open crater, lava dome and recovering blast zone are a national volcanic monument.

Volcano North America

Mount Ushba

Upper Svaneti, Greater Caucasus, Georgia

The twin-horned peak that dominates Georgian Svaneti — 4,710 metres of granite and hanging ice known as the Matterhorn of the Caucasus, and widely held to be the hardest serious climb in the range.

Mountain Europe

Murchison Falls

Murchison Falls National Park, northwestern Uganda

The Nile forced through a gap in the rock about 7 m wide before plunging some 43 m — the centrepiece of Uganda's largest national park.

Waterfall Africa

Nærøyfjord

Aurland, Vestland, Western Norway

The narrowest fjord in the world open to cruising — a slender, UNESCO-listed arm of the great Sognefjord, squeezed to barely 250 metres between cliffs that climb well over a kilometre straight from the water.

Fjord Europe

Nahanni & Virginia Falls

Northwest Territories, Canada

A remote subarctic wilderness of deep river canyons, hot springs, and Virginia Falls — a thundering cataract twice the height of Niagara — reachable only by float plane or canoe deep in Canada's north.

Waterfall North America

Ngorongoro Crater

Ngorongoro Highlands, Northern Tanzania

The world's largest intact volcanic caldera — a 20-kilometre-wide, 600-metre-deep collapsed crater that has become a natural amphitheatre teeming with one of the densest concentrations of large wildlife on Earth.

Volcano Africa

Niagara Falls

Ontario, Canada / New York, United States

Not the tallest falls, but among the most powerful on Earth — three waterfalls on the Niagara River between the Great Lakes, where a colossal volume of water plunges over a cliff in a permanent roar of mist.

Waterfall North America

Nyungwe Forest

Southwestern Rwanda

One of Africa's largest and oldest montane rainforests — a chimpanzee stronghold with a treetop canopy walkway and Rwanda's first UNESCO World Heritage listing.

Forest Africa

Oeschinen Lake

Kandersteg, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland

A turquoise mountain lake cupped beneath the snow-streaked Blüemlisalp peaks — part of the UNESCO Jungfrau-Aletsch World Heritage area, reached by gondola and a short walk high above Kandersteg.

Lake Europe

Okavango Delta

Northern Botswana

A river that never reaches the sea — the Okavango spills into the Kalahari to form a vast, ever-shifting inland delta of channels, islands, and lagoons that draws Africa's great wildlife into the heart of a desert.

Wetland Africa

Ol Doinyo Lengai

Gregory Rift, near Lake Natron, Northern Tanzania

The 'Mountain of God' — a near-perfect ash cone in the Rift Valley and the only active volcano on Earth known to erupt natrocarbonatite, a strange, cool, runny lava that flows black and dries chalky white.

Volcano Africa

Olympic National Park

Washington State, USA

Three wildernesses in one — moss-draped temperate rainforest, glaciated peaks, and a wild driftwood coast of sea stacks, all packed onto a single Pacific peninsula.

Forest North America

Pasterze Glacier

Hohe Tauern, Carinthia, Austria

Austria's largest glacier: about 8 km of ice beneath the 3,798 m Grossglockner, viewed from the Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe (2,369 m) at the end of the Grossglockner High Alpine Road, a toll road open early May to early November. Its tongue lost a record 203.5 m in 2022/23.

Glacier Europe

Pelister National Park

Baba Mountain, above Bitola, southwestern North Macedonia

North Macedonia's oldest national park, on Baba Mountain above Bitola: forests of the rare Macedonian pine, high granite ridges, and two glacial lakes known as Pelister's Eyes just below the 2,601-m summit.

Mountain Europe

Peneda-Gerês National Park

Northern Portugal, on the Spanish border

Portugal's only national park — a wild expanse of 300-million-year-old granite mountains, oak forest, peat bog, and plunging rivers in the far north, home to Iberian wolves, wild ponies, and roaming long-horned cattle.

Mountain Europe

Peyto Lake

Bow Summit, Icefields Parkway, Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada

A glacier-fed lake of startling turquoise in a forested valley below Bow Summit, the highest point on the Icefields Parkway — one of the most photographed views in the Canadian Rockies.

Lake North America

Picos de Europa

Asturias, Cantabria & León, northern Spain

A compact range of sheer limestone peaks rising to 2,600 metres barely 20 kilometres from the Atlantic — glacier-carved gorges, karst towers, and Spain's first national park.

Mountain Europe

Preikestolen

Rogaland, southwestern Norway

A sheer, flat-topped cliff jutting 604 metres straight above the Lysefjord — 'Pulpit Rock,' one of the most spectacular and vertiginous natural viewpoints in the world.

Rock formation Europe

Quebrada de Humahuaca

Jujuy Province, northwestern Argentina

A long, arid mountain valley in Argentina's far northwest, walled by hillsides banded in reds, ochres, greens and purples — a UNESCO-listed cultural landscape carved by the Rio Grande and travelled for ten thousand years.

Rock formation Latin America

Queen Elizabeth National Park

Western Uganda, between Lake George and Lake Edward

Savanna, crater lakes and forested gorges below the Rwenzori Mountains — home to the tree-climbing lions of Ishasha and Kyambura Gorge, a sunken forest in the plains.

Savanna & plains Africa

Quilotoa

Cotopaxi Province, Ecuadorian Andes

A green crater lake inside a 3 km-wide volcanic caldera high in the Ecuadorian Andes — reached by walking down from the rim.

Lake Latin America

Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca)

Cusco Region, Peruvian Andes

A high Andean ridge striped in bands of red, gold, green, and turquoise — mineral-stained sediments laid bare at over 5,000 metres, one of the most colourful mountains on Earth.

Mountain Latin America

Redwood Forests

Northern California, USA

Cathedral groves of coast redwoods — the tallest living things on Earth — rising over 100 metres in cool, fog-fed forests along the northern California coast.

Forest North America

Retezat National Park

Retezat Mountains, Hunedoara County, Southern Carpathians, Romania

Romania's first national park, declared in 1935 — sixty peaks above 2,300 metres, around eighty glacial lakes scattered between them, and some of the last untouched old-growth forest in Europe.

Mountain Europe

Reynisfjara

Near Vík í Mýrdal, South Iceland

Iceland's famous black-sand beach — jet-black volcanic sand under a cliff of stacked basalt columns, with offshore sea stacks and a powerful, genuinely dangerous surf rolling straight in off the North Atlantic.

Beach & coast Europe

Rhine Falls

Near Schaffhausen, Northern Switzerland

The largest waterfall in Europe by volume — 150 metres of the Rhine thundering over a 23-metre ledge around a rock pinnacle you can climb, in a green gorge below a hilltop castle.

Waterfall Europe

Rwenzori Mountains

Uganda–DR Congo border

The 'Mountains of the Moon' — Africa's highest range not born of volcanism, carrying equatorial glaciers above a surreal bog world of giant heathers and lobelias.

Mountain Africa

Sajama National Park

Western Altiplano, Oruro Department, Bolivia, on the border with Chile

Bolivia's first protected area: a high Altiplano park crowned by Nevado Sajama, at 6,542 m the country's highest mountain, with some of the world's highest woodland, geysers, hot springs and vicuñas grazing beneath snow-capped volcanoes.

Volcano Latin America

Saklıkent Gorge

Muğla Province, near Fethiye, southwest Turkey

A hidden slot canyon of the Taurus Mountains — a chasm up to 300 m deep and around 18 km long, so narrow in places you can touch both walls, cut by the icy Esen River behind the beaches of the Turquoise Coast.

Canyon Middle East

Saxon Switzerland

Saxony, eastern Germany

A labyrinth of free-standing sandstone towers, table mountains, and deep ravines above a bend in the River Elbe near Dresden — the birthplace of free climbing.

Rock formation Europe

Scărișoara Ice Cave

Apuseni Mountains, western Romania

A cave in Romania's Apuseni Mountains that holds one of the largest underground glaciers in the world — a block of ancient ice thousands of years old, deep beneath the forest.

Cave Europe

Seljalandsfoss

Seljaland, South Iceland

The waterfall you can walk behind — a slender 60-metre ribbon on the Seljalandsá river, fed by the Eyjafjallajökull ice cap, dropping over a former sea cliff into a mossy amphitheatre with a footpath that loops right around behind the falling water.

Waterfall Europe

Shiretoko

Hokkaido, northern Japan

A wild peninsula at the edge of Japan where drift ice arrives each winter — feeding an extraordinary food chain of brown bears, salmon, sea eagles, and whales.

Forest East Asia

Siargao & Sugba Lagoon

Surigao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines

A tear-drop island of surf, palm forest, and mangrove — home to the famous Cloud 9 reef break, the glassy Sugba Lagoon, tidal rock pools, and one of the largest mangrove reserves in the country.

Island Southeast Asia

Sipadan Island

Celebes Sea, off Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Malaysia's only oceanic island — a coral pinnacle rising 600 metres from the floor of the Celebes Sea off Borneo, ringed by walls of reef alive with turtles, barracuda tornadoes and reef sharks.

Coral reef Southeast Asia

Škocjan Caves

Škocjan, near Divača, Karst region, south-western Slovenia

A UNESCO-listed river cave on Slovenia's Karst, where the Reka River drops into collapse dolines up to 165 m deep and roars through an underground canyon — about 6 km of passages and one of Europe's largest known cave chambers.

Cave Europe

Skógafoss

Skógar, South Iceland

One of Iceland's biggest and best-loved waterfalls — a 60-metre curtain about 25 metres wide on the Skógá river, dropping over what was once a sea cliff and throwing up so much spray that a rainbow hangs in front of it on almost any sunny day.

Waterfall Europe

Slovenský raj

Spiš-Gemer Karst, eastern Slovakia

A karst plateau split into pieces by gorges so narrow that the trails through them are climbed on ladders bolted beside the waterfalls — and most of them only work in one direction.

Canyon Europe

Słowiński Sand Dunes

Słowiński National Park, Pomerania, Poland

Europe's largest field of shifting sand dunes — a wandering desert on Poland's Baltic coast, where wind-driven dunes rise dozens of metres and creep inland, burying forest as they go, between the sea and Lake Łebsko.

Desert & dunes Europe

Sohoton Cove & Jellyfish Sanctuary

Bucas Grande, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines

A hidden lagoon system on Bucas Grande Island, entered through a sea cave passable only at low tide, sheltering stingless jellyfish, karst-walled coves, and cliffs you can leap from into deep clear water.

Marine sanctuary Southeast Asia

Sơn Đoòng Cave

Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam

The largest known cave passage on Earth — a river-cut cavern in central Vietnam so vast that two collapsed skylights have let a jungle grow inside it.

Cave Southeast Asia

Song-Köl

Naryn, central Kyrgyzstan

A vast alpine lake on a high Tian Shan plateau, ringed by summer pastures where nomadic herders raise their yurts — a serene, roadless world of grass, water, and sky at 3,000 metres.

Lake Central Asia

South Luangwa National Park

Luangwa Valley, Eastern Province, Zambia

Nine thousand square kilometres at the southern end of the East African Rift, built around a river that moves every year — and the place where the walking safari was invented.

Savanna & plains Africa

Spitzkoppe

Erongo Region, Western Namibia

The 'Matterhorn of Namibia' — a group of bald granite peaks rising abruptly from the flat Namib plains, glowing orange at dawn and dusk, hung with a natural rock arch and some of the darkest night skies on Earth.

Rock formation Africa

Svartifoss

Skaftafell, Vatnajökull National Park, South Iceland

The 'Black Falls' — a slender 20-metre waterfall in Skaftafell framed by a wall of dark, hexagonal basalt columns that hang like organ pipes above the plunge pool, one of the most distinctive waterfalls in Iceland.

Waterfall Europe

Taman Negara

Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

One of the oldest tropical rainforests on Earth — more than 130 million years unbroken — sprawling across the heart of Peninsular Malaysia, with a treetop canopy walkway, jungle rivers and the peninsula's highest mountain.

Forest Southeast Asia

Tarangire National Park

Manyara Region, Northern Tanzania

A baobab-studded savanna famous for its elephants — in the dry season, when the Tarangire River is the only water for miles, one of the densest concentrations of game in northern Tanzania gathers along its banks.

Savanna & plains Africa

Tatacoa Desert

Huila, Colombia

A labyrinth of eroded red and grey badlands in Colombia's Huila department — not a true desert but a dry tropical forest sculpted into ochre canyons and ashen gullies, and one of the country's finest places to watch the stars.

Desert & dunes Latin America

Tatra Mountains

Poland–Slovakia border

The highest range of the Carpathians — a compact alpine world of granite spires, glacial lakes, and deep valleys, home to bears, wolves, lynx, and the rare Tatra chamois.

Mountain Europe

Tayrona National Park

Magdalena, Caribbean coast, Colombia

Where the jungled foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta tumble straight into the Caribbean — a coast of golden coves, giant granite boulders and rainforest, still lived in and cultivated by the Indigenous peoples who hold it.

Beach & coast Latin America

The Asir Mountains

Asir Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia

A green, misty mountain range in Saudi Arabia's southwest — terraced highlands and juniper forests, cooled by monsoon cloud, that overturn every expectation of the desert kingdom.

Mountain Middle East

The Atacama Desert

Northern Chile

The driest nonpolar desert on Earth — a surreal high-altitude landscape of salt flats, sculpted dunes, geyser fields, and flamingo-dotted lagoons, under some of the clearest night skies anywhere.

Desert & dunes Latin America

The Azores

Azores archipelago, Atlantic Ocean

A remote archipelago of green volcanic islands rising from the mid-Atlantic — crater lakes, hot springs, hydrangea-lined roads, and some of the best whale watching on Earth.

Island Europe

The Black Forest

Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany

A vast range of dark, fir-cloaked hills in southwest Germany, cut by waterfalls and mirror lakes and giving rise to the Danube — the largest forested upland in Germany.

Forest Europe

The Blue Grotto

Isle of Capri, Campania, Italy

A sea cave on the island of Capri where sunlight passing through an underwater opening fills the whole cavern with an unearthly, glowing electric-blue light.

Cave Europe

The Curonian Spit

Klaipėda County, western Lithuania, extending into Kaliningrad Oblast

A 98-kilometre ribbon of sand dune separating a lagoon from the Baltic — never more than a few kilometres wide, and standing only because two centuries of deliberate replanting stopped it burying itself.

Beach & coast Europe

The Danube Delta

Where the Danube meets the Black Sea, eastern Romania

Europe's largest and best-preserved river delta — a vast, watery maze of reeds, channels, and lakes where the Danube fans into the Black Sea, and one of the continent's greatest bird havens.

Wetland Europe

The Drakensberg

KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (bordering Lesotho)

South Africa's great basalt rampart — a UNESCO World Heritage range of soaring escarpment walls, plunging waterfalls and the world's richest gallery of San rock art, rising along the border with Lesotho.

Mountain Africa

The Fann Mountains

Sughd Province, western Tajikistan

About a hundred peaks in a compact block of the western Pamir-Alay, a dozen of them above 5,000 metres, with turquoise lakes dammed by landslides sitting under the walls.

Mountain Central Asia

The Gobi Desert

Southern Mongolia (and northern China)

A vast cold desert of gravel plains, singing sand dunes, and flaming red cliffs — a land of extremes where dinosaur fossils weather out of the rock and Bactrian camels cross the steppe.

Desert & dunes East Asia

The Hardangerfjord

Hardanger, Vestland, Western Norway

Norway's second-longest fjord and its orchard country — 179 kilometres of deep blue water reaching inland from the coast past Trolltunga, the Vøringsfossen falls, and the Folgefonna glacier, its gentler slopes white with apple and cherry blossom each spring.

Fjord Europe

The High Coast

Gulf of Bothnia, northeastern Sweden

A rugged Baltic coast of forested hills, cliffs, and islands that is still visibly rising out of the sea — the site of the greatest land uplift measured anywhere on Earth.

Beach & coast Europe

The Lysefjord

Rogaland, Southwestern Norway

A 42-kilometre fjord of sheer, luminous granite near Stavanger, walled by two of the world's most famous clifftops — Preikestolen, the flat Pulpit Rock 604 metres above the water, and Kjerag, whose face plunges nearly a kilometre straight down.

Fjord Europe

The Seven Rila Lakes

Rila National Park, Rila Mountains, southwestern Bulgaria

Seven glacial tarns arranged one above the other on a mountain staircase between 2,100 and 2,500 metres, each named for the shape the ice left it in — the Eye, the Kidney, the Tear, the Twin.

Lake Europe

The Sognefjord

Sogn, Vestland, Western Norway

The King of the Fjords — Norway's longest and deepest fjord, reaching more than 200 kilometres inland from the coast to the foot of the Jotunheimen mountains, its narrow arms lined with sheer cliffs, hanging waterfalls, and villages under snow peaks.

Fjord Europe

The Verzasca River

Verzasca Valley, Ticino, Southern Switzerland

One of the clearest rivers in Europe — an emerald-green mountain stream tumbling through the Verzasca Valley in Italian-speaking Ticino, past smooth sculpted granite and the double-arched stone bridge of Lavertezzo.

River Europe

The Vjosa

Southern Albania, from the Greek border to the Adriatic north of Vlorë

One of the last large rivers in Europe still allowed to behave like a river — braiding across its own gravel, moving its channels year to year, and undammed for 192 kilometres to the Adriatic.

River Europe

Tinuy-an Falls

Bislig, Surigao del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines

A broad, multi-tiered curtain of water often called the 'Niagara of the Philippines' — up to 95 metres wide, spilling in white sheets through the rainforest of eastern Mindanao, frequently crowned by a midday rainbow.

Waterfall Southeast Asia

Torotoro National Park

Northern Potosí Department, Bolivia, about 140 km south of Cochabamba

A small national park of folded sedimentary rock in Bolivia's Andean valleys, with a 300-metre-deep canyon, a waterfall-filled gorge, one of the country's largest caves and thousands of dinosaur footprints left on Cretaceous shorelines.

Canyon Latin America

Triglav National Park

Julian Alps, north-western Slovenia, on the border with Italy and close to Austria

Slovenia's only national park: 840 km² of the eastern Julian Alps around Triglav (2,864 m), the country's highest peak, with Lake Bohinj, the Savica waterfall, glacier-carved valleys and high karst plateaus. Protected since 1924.

Mountain Europe

Trolltunga

Vestland, western Norway

The 'Troll's Tongue' — a thin slab of rock jutting horizontally into empty air some 700 metres above a fjord lake, at the end of one of Norway's most demanding day hikes.

Rock formation Europe

Vøringsfossen

Eidfjord, Vestland, Western Norway

Norway's most celebrated waterfall — a river flung off the edge of the Hardangervidda plateau, dropping around 180 metres into the raw rock gorge of Måbødalen, now ringed by a dramatic stepped bridge and clifftop viewpoints.

Waterfall Europe

Whitehaven Beach

Whitsunday Island, Queensland, Australia

A seven-kilometre stretch of near-pure silica sand so white and fine it squeaks underfoot, curving along uninhabited Whitsunday Island, where at Hill Inlet the tide swirls the sand and shallows into shifting ribbons of white and turquoise.

Beach & coast Oceania

Yala National Park

Southern and Uva Provinces, southeastern Sri Lanka

Dry-zone scrub, lagoons and granite outcrops on Sri Lanka's southeast coast — thought to hold the highest density of leopards per square kilometre anywhere, in a park that partly closes each year when the water runs out.

Savanna & plains South Asia

Zanzibar Archipelago

Indian Ocean, off the Tanzanian coast

Tanzania's Indian Ocean islands — coral-fringed shores of blinding white sand and turquoise shallows, spice plantations and mangroves, wrapped around the old trading port of Stone Town.

Island Africa

Þingvellir (Thingvellir)

Þingvellir National Park, Southwest Iceland

A rift valley where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates are visibly pulling apart — a landscape of fissures, lava plains, and clear spring-fed water that is also the birthplace of Iceland's parliament.

Rock formation Europe