The Best Natural Wonders to Visit in December

Planning a trip for December? These 115 wonders are at or near their best this month — the season when conditions, wildlife, light, or access line up. It’s distilled from each place’s real best-time notes, and because the atlas rebuilds daily, this stays current. Open any place for the honest detail on timing and access.

Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctic Peninsula

The most accessible edge of the frozen continent — a realm of blue icebergs, glacier-hung mountains, and vast penguin colonies, where wildlife thrives amid staggering polar scenery.

Polar & ice Antarctica & the Poles

Bwindi Impenetrable Forest

Southwestern Uganda

An ancient, mist-shrouded montane rainforest that shelters nearly half the world's remaining mountain gorillas — one of the planet's most moving wildlife encounters.

Forest Africa

Congo Basin Rainforest

Central Africa

The world's second-largest rainforest — an immense green heart of Africa that absorbs more carbon than it emits, home to bonobos, forest elephants, and okapi.

Forest Africa

Cotopaxi

Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador

A near-perfect glacier-capped cone rising almost 5,900 metres from the Andean highlands — one of the world's highest active volcanoes, and among the most symmetrical anywhere.

Volcano Latin America

El Nido & the Bacuit Archipelago

El Nido, Palawan, Philippines

A bay scattered with dozens of jagged limestone islands, hidden lagoons reached through narrow rock gaps, white beaches, and clear turquoise water — one of the most spectacular karst seascapes in the world.

Karst landscape Southeast Asia

Ennedi Massif

Ennedi, northeastern Chad

A sandstone labyrinth in the heart of the Sahara — natural arches, towers, and canyons hiding permanent water where desert crocodiles survive, thousands of kilometres from any river.

Rock formation Africa

Hạ Long Bay

Gulf of Tonkin, northeastern Vietnam

A jade-green sea studded with nearly 2,000 limestone karst islands and pillars rising sheer from the water — caves, hidden lagoons, and floating villages in one of the world's most beautiful seascapes.

Karst landscape Southeast Asia

Kaziranga

Assam, India

A vast floodplain of tall grass and marsh on the Brahmaputra — home to two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinos, plus tigers, elephants, and wild buffalo in astonishing numbers.

Wetland South Asia

Marble Caves

General Carrera Lake, Aysén, Chile

Swirling caverns of polished marble at the water's edge of a remote Patagonian lake — their blue-and-white walls glowing turquoise with the reflected light of the glacier-fed water.

Cave Latin America

Milford Sound

Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand

New Zealand's most famous fjord — sheer cliffs and the pyramid of Mitre Peak rising straight from dark water, laced with waterfalls fed by some of the highest rainfall on Earth, in the heart of Fiordland.

Fjord Oceania

Mount Fuji

Honshū, Japan

Japan's highest peak — an almost perfectly symmetrical, snow-capped stratovolcano rising to 3,776 metres, standing alone above the plains and visible on a clear day from central Tokyo, a hundred kilometres away.

Volcano East Asia

Mount Pulag

Benguet, Cordillera, Philippines

Luzon's highest peak at 2,922 metres, famous for its dawn 'sea of clouds' — a rolling white ocean seen from a summit of dwarf bamboo grassland high in the Cordillera.

Mountain Southeast Asia

Nyiragongo

Virunga, eastern DR Congo

A volcano cradling one of the world's largest and most active lava lakes — a churning pool of molten rock that glows red against the night sky over the Virunga mountains.

Volcano Africa

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River

Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines

One of the world's longest navigable underground rivers, winding 8.2 km through a vast limestone cave system beneath a karst mountain range before emptying directly into the West Philippine Sea.

Cave Southeast Asia

Raja Ampat

West Papua, Indonesia

An archipelago of jungle-clad karst islands scattered across turquoise seas — the most biodiverse marine environment on Earth, at the very heart of the Coral Triangle.

Marine sanctuary Southeast Asia

Rub' al Khali

Southern Arabian Peninsula

The Empty Quarter — the largest continuous sand desert on Earth, a sea of dunes up to 250 metres tall rolling across an area larger than France.

Desert & dunes Middle East

Simien Mountains

Amhara, northern Ethiopia

A dramatic highland escarpment of jagged pinnacles and mile-deep gorges — the 'Roof of Africa' — home to gelada monkeys, walia ibex, and Ethiopian wolves found nowhere else.

Mountain Africa

South Georgia

South Georgia, South Atlantic

A remote, mountainous sub-Antarctic island where glaciers meet the sea and beaches heave with hundreds of thousands of king penguins and elephant seals — one of the greatest wildlife spectacles on Earth.

Polar & ice Antarctica & the Poles

The Galápagos Islands

Pacific Ocean, ~1,000 km west of Ecuador

A remote volcanic archipelago where evolution is on open display — giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and fearless wildlife found nowhere else, the living laboratory that shaped Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Island Latin America

The Sahara (Erg Chebbi)

Merzouga / Erg Chebbi, southeastern Morocco

The largest hot desert on Earth, met at its most iconic in Morocco's Erg Chebbi — a sea of towering, rippling dunes that glow gold and rose at dawn and dusk beneath some of the clearest, darkest skies anywhere.

Desert & dunes Africa

The Yucatán Cenotes

Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

Thousands of natural sinkholes opening into a hidden world of crystal-clear groundwater and flooded caves beneath the Yucatán — the peninsula's only natural fresh water and among the most beautiful swimming holes on Earth.

Cave North America

Torres del Paine

Magallanes, Chilean Patagonia

The signature landscape of Chilean Patagonia — three sheer granite towers rising above windswept steppe, glacial lakes, and hanging glaciers, roamed by guanacos, condors, and pumas.

Mountain Latin America

Vatnajökull Ice Caves

Southeast Iceland

Glowing blue caves melted into the heart of Europe's largest ice cap — crystalline chambers of glacier ice, formed anew each winter beneath a vast frozen dome that hides fire below.

Glacier Europe

Volcanoes National Park

Northwestern Rwanda (Virunga Mountains)

A chain of forest-cloaked volcanoes on Rwanda's northern border, home to wild mountain gorillas and the setting for Dian Fossey's famous research — one of Africa's most moving wildlife encounters.

Volcano Africa

Abisko

Swedish Lapland, above the Arctic Circle, Sweden

A national park in the far north of Swedish Lapland famous for some of the clearest skies on Earth — and, beneath them, one of the world's finest windows onto the northern lights.

Mountain Europe

Acatenango

Sacatepéquez and Chimaltenango Departments, near Antigua, Guatemala

A 3,976-metre stratovolcano climbed almost entirely for the view of a different volcano — from its upper slopes you camp level with Fuego, one of the most active vents in Central America, and watch it erupt through the night.

Volcano Latin America

Aconcagua

Aconcagua Provincial Park, Mendoza Province, Argentina

The highest mountain in the Americas and the loftiest peak outside Asia — a colossal Andean massif of rock, snow and thin air near Mendoza, and the most accessible of the world's Seven Summits.

Mountain Latin America

Akagera National Park

Eastern Province, Rwanda

Rwanda's savanna park on the Tanzanian border — a landscape of papyrus swamp, lakes and rolling grassland that lost almost everything, then had lions and rhinos brought back and became the country's only Big Five park.

Savanna & plains Africa

Al Wahbah Crater

Harrat Kishb, Makkah Province, western Saudi Arabia

A two-kilometre hole in the Arabian desert with a floor of white salt crystals — long assumed to be a meteorite crater, and in fact the scar of a steam explosion from below.

Volcano Middle East

Aoraki / Mount Cook

Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand

New Zealand's highest peak — a snow-and-ice pyramid rising above glacier-fed turquoise lakes and the country's longest glacier, in the heart of the Southern Alps' greatest concentration of high mountains.

Mountain Oceania

Apo Reef Natural Park

Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

The largest contiguous coral reef in the Philippines and the second-largest in the world — an isolated 34-square-kilometre atoll of coral, lagoon, and mangrove in the Mindoro Strait, teeming with sharks, turtles, and rays.

Coral reef Southeast Asia

Arenal Volcano

Alajuela, northern Costa Rica

A near-perfectly conical volcano rising above the rainforests of northern Costa Rica — for decades one of the world's most active, now resting, surrounded by hot springs, waterfalls, and abundant wildlife.

Volcano North America

Bale Mountains

Bale Zone, Oromia Region, southeastern Ethiopia

The largest stretch of Afroalpine habitat anywhere on Earth — a treeless plateau above 4,000 metres holding more than half the world's Ethiopian wolves, with cloud forest falling away down its southern side.

Mountain Africa

Belize Barrier Reef

Caribbean coast of Belize

The largest barrier reef in the northern hemisphere — some 300 kilometres of coral running the length of Belize, with three of the Atlantic's four true atolls behind it and the Great Blue Hole at its centre.

Coral reef North America

Callao Cave

Peñablanca, Cagayan, Northern Luzon

A vast limestone cave of seven great chambers lit by natural skylights — and the site where the ancient human species Homo luzonensis was discovered, deep in the karst of the Cagayan Valley.

Cave Southeast Asia

Chitwan National Park

Terai lowlands, southern Nepal

Nepal's first national park — a lush lowland jungle of sal forest, tall grassland, and rivers that shelters greater one-horned rhinos, Bengal tigers, and gharial crocodiles.

Forest South Asia

Cocora Valley

Quindío, Coffee Region, Colombia

A green Andean valley where the tallest palm trees on Earth — Colombia's slender wax palms — soar up to 60 metres above misty cloud-forest hills, an almost dreamlike landscape in the heart of coffee country.

Forest Latin America

Coiba

Gulf of Chiriquí, Veraguas Province, Pacific Panama

The largest island in Central America, cut off from the mainland when sea levels rose — and left almost untouched for eighty-five years because it was a penal colony nobody would go near.

Island Latin America

Copper Canyon

Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico

A network of six great canyons in the Sierra Tarahumara of northern Mexico — deeper in places than the Grand Canyon — traversed by one of the world's most spectacular railways.

Canyon North America

Danakil Depression

Afar Region, northeastern Ethiopia

One of the hottest, lowest, and most alien places on Earth — a searing volcanic desert of neon-yellow sulphur springs, salt flats, and a permanent lava lake, where three tectonic plates are tearing the land apart.

Volcano Africa

Death Valley

California / Nevada, United States

The hottest, driest, and lowest place in North America — a vast desert of salt flats, sculpted dunes, and painted badlands that, against all odds, bursts into wildflowers after rare rains.

Desert & dunes North America

Doñana

Andalusia, southwestern Spain

The marshes at the mouth of the Guadalquivir — one of Europe's most important wetlands, a staging post for millions of migrating birds, the stronghold of the Iberian lynx, and a place now visibly running short of water.

Wetland Europe

Donsol Whale Shark Sanctuary

Donsol, Sorsogon, Bicol Region

A quiet Bicol town whose plankton-rich bay draws seasonal gatherings of whale sharks — the world's largest fish — met on a strictly regulated, community-run, swim-alongside basis that pioneered ethical encounters in the Philippines.

Marine sanctuary Southeast Asia

Doubtful Sound

Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand

Fiordland's deep, silent wilderness fjord — larger, wilder, and far quieter than neighbouring Milford Sound, reached only by boat across Lake Manapouri and a mountain pass, its three dark arms walled by rainforest cliffs and roamed by dolphins, seals, and penguins.

Fjord Oceania

Erawan Falls

Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand

A seven-tiered waterfall tumbling through jungle into a chain of emerald-green pools, each one held back by natural travertine dams that the stream builds as it flows.

Waterfall Southeast Asia

Finnish Lapland

Northern Finland, above the Arctic Circle

A vast Arctic wilderness of snow-blanketed forest, frozen lakes, and open fell — where the northern lights dance through the long polar nights and the summer sun never sets.

Forest Europe

Franz Josef Glacier

Westland Tai Poutini National Park, South Island, New Zealand

A steep river of blue ice that pours from the Southern Alps almost into rainforest — one of only a handful of glaciers on Earth that descend so close to temperate forest and the sea, and one of the fastest-moving, tumbling from high snowfields to a valley of ferns.

Glacier Oceania

Hierve el Agua

San Lorenzo Albarradas, Oaxaca, Mexico

A pair of 'petrified waterfalls' in the mountains of Oaxaca — cliffs coated white by mineral springs — above natural infinity pools that hang over a vast valley.

Hot spring North America

Hormuz Island

Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf, southern Iran

A small 'rainbow island' in the Strait of Hormuz where salt-dome geology paints the hills and beaches in red, ochre, and a spectrum of mineral colours — including sand you can taste.

Island Middle East

Hpa-An Karst

Kayin State, southeastern Myanmar

A landscape of sheer limestone karst mountains rising straight from emerald rice paddies in southeastern Myanmar, riddled with vast caves full of Buddha images and roosting bats.

Karst landscape Southeast Asia

Hundred Islands

Alaminos, Pangasinan, Philippines

A scatter of 124 small, mushroom-shaped limestone islands in the Lingayen Gulf — ancient coral reef, uplifted and undercut by the sea into rounded green-capped islets you can hop between by boat.

Island Southeast Asia

Inle Lake

Shan State, Myanmar

A vast, shallow highland lake in the Shan hills where fishermen row standing on one leg, whole villages stand on stilts, and gardens float on the water itself.

Lake Southeast Asia

Jebel Shams

Al Hajar Mountains, northern Oman

Oman's highest mountain, whose sheer rim plunges into the vast Wadi Ghul — the 'Grand Canyon of Arabia' — a mile-deep gorge of banded rock and vertiginous cliffs.

Mountain Middle East

Jigokudani & the Snow Monkeys

Yamanouchi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan

A steaming hot-spring valley in the mountains of Nagano — 'Hell Valley' — where wild Japanese macaques, the famous snow monkeys, come down through the winter forest to bathe in a natural thermal pool, the only place on Earth where monkeys soak in an onsen in the wild.

Hot spring East Asia

Kaieteur Falls

Kaieteur National Park, Potaro-Siparuni, central Guyana

A single 226-metre drop of the Potaro River into rainforest gorge — roughly five times the height of Niagara, carrying enough water to make it one of the most powerful waterfalls on Earth, and with almost nothing built around it.

Waterfall Latin America

Kayangan Lake, Coron

Coron Island, Palawan, Philippines

Often called the cleanest lake in the Philippines — a jewel-clear brackish lake cradled by limestone cliffs on Coron Island, reached by a short climb over a saddle with one of the country's most photographed viewpoints.

Lake Southeast Asia

Kerala Backwaters

Kerala, southwestern India

A 900-kilometre network of lagoons, lakes and canals running parallel to the Arabian Sea behind a chain of barrier islands — brackish, palm-fringed, and worked by rice barges converted into houseboats.

Wetland South Asia

Koh Rong

Gulf of Thailand, off Sihanoukville, Cambodia

A jungle-cloaked island off Cambodia's coast ringed by long white-sand beaches and clear turquoise water — and famous for seas that glow blue with bioluminescent plankton at night.

Island Southeast Asia

Kong Lor Cave

Khammouane Province, central Laos

A river cave that tunnels for over seven kilometres straight through a limestone mountain — navigated by longtail boat through pitch darkness, from one green valley to another.

Cave Southeast Asia

Kuang Si Falls

Luang Prabang Province, northern Laos

A three-tiered jungle waterfall near Luang Prabang that spills over pale travertine into a staircase of impossibly turquoise pools, cool and clear enough to swim in.

Waterfall Southeast Asia

Lake Assal

Afar Triangle, western Djibouti

The lowest point on land in Africa — a lake 155 metres below sea level with no outlet, so saline that the salt has crystallised into a plain sixty metres deep along its western shore.

Lake Africa

Lake Atitlán

Sololá, southwestern Guatemala highlands

A deep blue volcanic lake cradled in a highland caldera and ringed by three perfect volcanic cones and Maya villages — long called one of the most beautiful lakes on Earth.

Lake Latin America

Lake Kivu

Rwanda–DR Congo border (Western Rwanda)

A deep, calm African Great Lake cradled in the rift between Rwanda and the Congo — ringed by terraced green hills and holding one of the world's most unusual reserves of dissolved gas.

Lake Africa

Lake Sebu & the Seven Falls

South Cotabato, Mindanao, Philippines

A serene highland lake wreathed in morning mist, feeding a chain of seven waterfalls through the mountains — the ancestral home of the T'boli people and one of Mindanao's most soulful landscapes.

Lake Southeast Asia

Los Haitises

Samaná Bay, Hato Mayor, Monte Plata and Samaná provinces, Dominican Republic

A limestone plateau eaten into hundreds of conical hills of almost identical height — and where it meets Samaná Bay, the hilltops continue offshore as forested islets standing in the water.

Karst landscape Latin America

Ma'in Hot Springs

Between Madaba and the Dead Sea, Madaba Governorate, Jordan

A cluster of geothermal waterfalls tumbling down a desert canyon near the Dead Sea — hot, mineral-rich water heated deep underground and prized for its healing warmth since Roman times.

Hot spring Middle East

Maria Cristina Falls

Iligan, Lanao del Norte, Mindanao

A powerful twin waterfall on the Agus River — nearly 100 metres of thundering white water that both dazzles visitors and drives a hydroelectric plant powering much of Mindanao.

Waterfall Southeast Asia

Masungi Georeserve

Baras, Rizal, Philippines

A dramatic limestone karst landscape barely 90 minutes from Manila, reborn as a conservation project — jagged rock formations, rope courses, and hanging viewpoints woven through a rainforest being restored tree by tree.

Karst landscape Southeast Asia

McMurdo Dry Valleys

Victoria Land, Antarctica

The largest ice-free area in Antarctica — around 4,500 square kilometres of bare rock and gravel where no significant snow or rain has fallen for close to two million years, and the closest thing on Earth to the surface of Mars.

Polar & ice Antarctica & the Poles

Mekong Delta

Southwestern Vietnam

Some 40,000 square kilometres of river-built farmland where the Mekong finally reaches the sea — Vietnam's rice bowl, threaded by canals, and now sinking faster than the sea is rising.

Wetland Southeast Asia

Monarch Butterfly Reserve

Michoacán / State of Mexico, central Mexico

High-altitude fir forests where hundreds of millions of monarch butterflies gather each winter after migrating up to 4,000 kilometres — one of the most astonishing wildlife spectacles on the planet.

Forest North America

Monteverde Cloud Forest

Puntarenas / Alajuela, Cordillera de Tilarán, Costa Rica

A misty mountaintop cloud forest dripping with life — where clouds snag on the ridge and feed a green world of orchids, epiphytes, and rare wildlife, from the resplendent quetzal to hundreds of bird species.

Forest North America

Mount Fitz Roy

Los Glaciares National Park, Santa Cruz, Argentina

A sheer granite spire on the Argentina–Chile border towering above El Chaltén in Los Glaciares National Park — one of the most dramatic and technically feared peaks on Earth, wreathed in the cloud the first peoples read as smoke.

Mountain Latin America

Mount Pinatubo Crater Lake

Zambales / Tarlac / Pampanga, Luzon, Philippines

The volcano behind the second-largest eruption of the 20th century now cradles a serene turquoise crater lake — reached by a 4x4 ride across ash-grey lahar canyons and a short hike to the rim.

Volcano Southeast Asia

Mount Popa & Taung Kalat

Mandalay Region, central Myanmar

An extinct volcano rising green from the dry central plains of Myanmar, beside a sheer volcanic plug crowned by a golden monastery reached by 777 steps.

Volcano Southeast Asia

Mount Roraima

Canaima National Park, Venezuela

A vast, cloud-wrapped table mountain rising in sheer 400-metre cliffs above the jungle — a 'lost world' plateau of black rock, endemic plants, and waterfalls spilling into the void.

Mountain Latin America

Nyungwe Forest

Southwestern Rwanda

One of Africa's largest and oldest montane rainforests — a chimpanzee stronghold with a treetop canopy walkway and Rwanda's first UNESCO World Heritage listing.

Forest Africa

Ometepe

Lake Nicaragua, Rivas Department, southwestern Nicaragua

Two volcanoes standing in a freshwater lake and joined at the base into a single hourglass island — one still erupting, the other carrying a crater lake and cloud forest.

Volcano Latin America

Pacaya

Escuintla, near Antigua, southern Guatemala

One of Central America's most active volcanoes, an accessible cone near Antigua where hikers walk over old lava fields toward the glow of a restless summit.

Volcano Latin America

Pagsanjan Falls

Pagsanjan / Cavinti, Laguna, Southern Luzon

One of Luzon's most famous waterfalls, reached by a thrilling paddled canoe journey up a gorge of jungle cliffs and rapids — where skilled boatmen 'shoot the rapids' back downstream.

Waterfall Southeast Asia

Palau's Rock Islands

Rock Islands Southern Lagoon, Palau, Micronesia

Hundreds of emerald mushroom-shaped limestone islands scattered across a turquoise lagoon — a marine wonderland of hidden lakes, world-class reefs, and a lake full of harmless golden jellyfish.

Marine sanctuary Oceania

Perito Moreno Glacier

Los Glaciares National Park, Santa Cruz, Argentina

A vast, active glacier in Argentine Patagonia whose towering blue ice face calves thunderously into a lake — one of the few large glaciers on Earth that has stayed roughly in balance rather than sharply retreating.

Glacier Latin America

Phang Nga Bay

Andaman Sea, southern Thailand

A calm emerald bay between Phuket and Krabi studded with sheer limestone karst islands, sea caves, and hidden tidal lagoons reached by paddling through the rock.

Karst landscape Southeast Asia

Phnom Kulen

Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

A forested sandstone plateau northeast of Angkor where a wide waterfall pours into jungle pools, and the riverbed upstream is carved with a thousand ancient sculptures beneath the flowing water.

Waterfall Southeast Asia

Phobjikha Valley

Wangdue Phodrang District, central Bhutan

A broad glacial valley at 3,000 metres holding Bhutan's best-known marshland — where a few hundred black-necked cranes winter each year, and where the country buried its power lines underground rather than risk them flying into the wires.

Wetland South Asia

Railay

Krabi Province, southern Thailand

A tiny peninsula of white-sand beaches walled off from the mainland by towering limestone cliffs — reachable only by boat, and one of the world's great rock-climbing spots.

Beach & coast Southeast Asia

Rwenzori Mountains

Uganda–DR Congo border

The 'Mountains of the Moon' — Africa's highest range not born of volcanism, carrying equatorial glaciers above a surreal bog world of giant heathers and lobelias.

Mountain Africa

Sagada

Sagada, Mountain Province, Cordillera, Philippines

A cool, pine-clad limestone highland in the heart of the Cordillera, where caves riddle the karst, waterfalls drop into rice terraces, and dawn breaks over a sea of clouds at Kiltepan.

Karst landscape Southeast Asia

Semuc Champey

Alta Verapaz, central Guatemala

A 300-metre natural limestone bridge deep in the Guatemalan jungle, carrying a staircase of turquoise pools on its surface while a whole river thunders through the rock beneath.

River Latin America

Si Phan Don & the Khone Falls

Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos

Where the Mekong spreads fourteen kilometres wide and breaks into thousands of islands — and then falls over the widest waterfall on Earth, the barrier that stopped the river ever becoming a highway to China.

River Southeast Asia

Similan Islands

Mu Ko Similan National Park, Phang Nga Province, Andaman Sea, Thailand

An eleven-island granite archipelago in the Andaman Sea whose west sides are stacked with room-sized boulders underwater — widely rated the best diving in Thailand, and closed for five months a year to let the reef recover.

Coral reef Southeast Asia

Siwa Oasis

Western Desert, near the Libyan border, Egypt

A remote desert oasis of palm groves, freshwater springs, and turquoise salt lakes in Egypt's far west — an ancient island of green ringed by the dunes of the Great Sand Sea.

Lake Africa

Socotra

Socotra Archipelago, Arabian Sea, Yemen

An isolated Indian Ocean island of such strange, ancient life that it's been called the 'Galápagos of the Indian Ocean' — home to umbrella-shaped dragon's blood trees and hundreds of plants found nowhere else on Earth.

Island Middle East

Taal Volcano & Lake

Batangas, Calabarzon, Philippines

A volcano within a lake within a volcano — one of the world's smallest and most active volcanoes, sitting on an island inside a crater lake that fills a far larger ancient caldera, just south of Manila.

Volcano Southeast Asia

Taroko Gorge

Taroko National Park, Hualien County, eastern Taiwan

A gorge cut through solid marble on Taiwan's east coast — walls rising as much as a kilometre above the Liwu River, in one of only a handful of river canyons anywhere carved entirely through marble.

Canyon East Asia

Tassili n'Ajjer

Illizi and Djanet, southeastern Algeria, at the Libyan and Nigerien borders

A sandstone plateau the size of Ireland, eroded into forests of freestanding rock towers and nearly three hundred natural arches — and carrying, in its layers, the record of an ice sheet that once covered the Sahara.

Rock formation Africa

Tatacoa Desert

Huila, Colombia

A labyrinth of eroded red and grey badlands in Colombia's Huila department — not a true desert but a dry tropical forest sculpted into ochre canyons and ashen gullies, and one of the country's finest places to watch the stars.

Desert & dunes Latin America

The Cardamom Mountains

Koh Kong, Pursat and Kampong Speu Provinces, southwestern Cambodia

One of the largest tracts of rainforest left in mainland Southeast Asia, almost unpopulated across its interior — and a range wet enough on one side and dry enough on the other to hold two different forests at once.

Forest Southeast Asia

The Edge of the World

Jebel Fihrayn, near Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

A dramatic cliff-edge of the Tuwaiq escarpment near Riyadh, where an ancient seabed drops away hundreds of metres to a vast plain that stretches unbroken to the horizon.

Rock formation Middle East

The Everglades

Florida, United States

A vast, slow-moving 'river of grass' at the tip of Florida — a shallow, sawgrass-covered wetland the size of a small country, and the only place on Earth where alligators and crocodiles live side by side.

Wetland North America

The Farasan Islands

Red Sea, off Jazan, southwestern Saudi Arabia

A low, coral-fringed archipelago in the southern Red Sea — turquoise shallows, mangroves, and reefs that shelter dugongs, nesting seabirds, and a gazelle found nowhere else.

Island Middle East

The Maldives Atolls

Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka

A double chain of coral atolls scattered across the Indian Ocean — nearly 1,200 low-lying islands ringed by turquoise lagoons and vibrant reefs, and the lowest-lying nation on Earth.

Island South Asia

The Myeik Archipelago

Tanintharyi Region, far southern Myanmar, Andaman Sea

Around eight hundred islands scattered down Myanmar's southern coast — limestone and granite under unbroken rainforest, barely inhabited, and closed to outsiders until 1997.

Island Southeast Asia

The Pitons

Soufrière, Saint Lucia, Caribbean

Two dramatic volcanic spires rising straight from the Caribbean Sea — the twin cones of Gros Piton and Petit Piton, cloaked in rainforest, that have become the emblem of Saint Lucia.

Mountain North America

The Sundarbans

Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta, Bangladesh (and India)

The largest mangrove forest on Earth — a vast, tidal labyrinth of channels and salt-tolerant trees at the mouth of the Ganges, and the last stronghold of the swimming Bengal tiger.

Wetland South Asia

The Twelve Apostles

Great Ocean Road, Victoria, Australia

A row of towering limestone sea stacks rising from the Southern Ocean along Victoria's Great Ocean Road — sculpted from crumbling coastal cliffs by the relentless waves, and constantly, visibly changing.

Rock formation Oceania

The Wahiba Sands

Ash Sharqiyah, eastern Oman

A sea of red-gold dunes rolling for well over a hundred kilometres across eastern Oman — classic Arabian desert, home to the Bedouin and their camels.

Desert & dunes Middle East

The White Desert

Farafra, Western Desert, Egypt

A dreamlike stretch of Egypt's Western Desert where wind has carved a vanished chalk seabed into ghostly white boulders shaped like mushrooms, icebergs, and sculptures.

Desert & dunes Africa

Tongariro National Park

Central Plateau, North Island, New Zealand

New Zealand's oldest national park — a volcanic heartland of steaming craters, brilliant emerald lakes, and lava fields, crossed by one of the world's finest day hikes, and gifted to the nation by Māori in 1887 to keep it intact.

Volcano Oceania

Tonlé Sap

Central Cambodia, near Siem Reap

Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake — a vast, life-giving body of water that swells enormously each monsoon when its own river reverses course and flows backwards.

Lake Southeast Asia

Vang Vieng

Vientiane Province, central Laos

A dramatic landscape of sheer limestone karst peaks rising above the Nam Song river and green rice fields, riddled with caves and blue lagoons, in the hills north of Vientiane.

Karst landscape Southeast Asia

Viñales Valley

Sierra de los Órganos, Pinar del Río Province, western Cuba

Round-topped limestone towers standing up to 300 metres out of flat red tobacco fields in western Cuba — the same tower-karst process that built Ha Long Bay, on an island, and still farmed by hand.

Karst landscape North America

Wadi Al-Hitan

Faiyum Governorate, Western Desert, Egypt

A stretch of Egyptian desert holding the best fossil record anywhere of whales learning to leave the land — hundreds of skeletons of archaic whales, some still with hind legs, lying where a shallow sea left them.

Desert & dunes Middle East

Wadi Shab

Ash Sharqiyah coast, northeastern Oman

A palm-fringed canyon on Oman's coast where a hike between sheer cliffs leads to a chain of turquoise pools — and a hidden waterfall tucked inside a cave chamber.

Canyon Middle East

Yuanyang Rice Terraces

Yuanyang County, Honghe, Yunnan, China

Thousands of hand-cut paddy terraces falling three thousand steps down the Ailao Mountains in southern Yunnan — flooded through the winter months into a vast staircase of mirrors that turns pink and gold at sunrise.

Living terraces East Asia